Наши индексы цитирования:
25 ЛЕТ В СОВЕТЕ ЕВРОПЫ, И СНОВА ДИСКУССИЯ ОБ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЙ ЕСПЧ
А.Р. СУЛТАНОВ,
начальник юридического управления ПАО «Нижнекамскнефтехим»,
член Ассоциации по улучшению жизни и образования
https://doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-6-154-178
В статье рассмотрена обязательность учета правовых позиций Европейского
суда по правам человека в гражданском процессе с учетом внесенных изменений
в процессуальные кодексы и материальные законы и правовых позиций Конститу-
ционного Суда РФ. Анализ осуществлен с целью раскрытия замысла законодате-
ля, который стремился создать «стоп-кран» против чрезмерного эволютивного
толкования, а не ограничения применения правовых позиций, изложенных в поста-
новлениях ЕСПЧ. В завершение автором выдвигается тезис о том, что послед-
ние изменения в законодательство следует интерпретировать не как отказ от
исполнения постановлений ЕСПЧ, а как попытку зафиксировать в своем зако-
нодательстве права на поиск компромисса в случае возникновения новых обяза-
тельств России из эволютивного толкования Конвенции ЕСПЧ. На наш взгляд,
уместно процитировать председателя Конституционного суда ФРГ, писавшего,
что такой подход – это своего рода «стоп-кран, который наиболее эффективен
тогда, когда он вообще не используется. Именно его наличие, а не отсутствие
позволяет избежать аварийной ситуации». Наличие «стоп-крана» не должно
быть препятствием для защиты прав и свобод человека, как и препятствием
для исполнения постановлений ЕСПЧ, и уж тем более оправданием нарушения
конвенционных прав и свобод граждан.
Ключевые слова: ЕСПЧ; эволютивное толкование; правовые позиции; защита
прав и свобод человека; презумпция.
References
Cappelletti M. Social and Political Aspects of Civil Procedure: Reforms and Trends in
Western and Eastern Europe. Michigan Law Review, 1971, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 847–886.
Chetvernin V.A. Sovremennye kontseptsii estestvennogo prava [Modern Concepts of
Natural Law]. Moscow: Nauka, 1988. 144 с. (In Russ.)
Entin M.L. Evoliutivnyi podkhod v teorii i praktike ESPCh [The Evolutionary
Approach in the Theory and Practice of the ECtHR]. Internet-zhurnal «Vsia Evropa» –
Internet Journal “All Europe”, 2011, no. 2. (In Russ.)
Fokin E.A., Khabirova D.I., Evropeiskie standarty spravedlivogo sudebnogo
razbiratel’stva: sovremennye vyzovy [European Standards of Fair Trial: Modern Challenges].
Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel’stva i sravnitel’nogo pravovedeniia – Journal
of Foreign Law and Comparative Law, 2019, no. 6, pp. 108–126. (In Russ.)
Gadzhiev Kh. I. Sudebnoe pravotvorchestvo v mezhdunarodnom pravosudii [Judicial
Drafting in International Justice]. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel’stva i sravnitel’nogo
pravovedeniia – Journal of Foreign Law and Comparative Law, 2018, no. 3(70), pp. 118–
129. (In Russ.)
Gadzhiev Kh.I. Rol’ sudebnoi argumentatsii v evoliutsii zakonodatel’stva i pravoprimeneniia
[The Role of Judicial Reasoning in the Evolution of Legislation and Law Enforcement].
Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava – Journal of Russian Law, 2020, no. 9, pp. 91–105. (In
Russ.)
Galperin M.L. Popravki k Konstitutsii i voprosy tolkovaniia v natsional’nom i mezhdunarodnom
pravosudii [Constitutional Amendments and Interpretative Issues in
National and International Justice]. Aktual’nye problemy rossiiskogo prava – Current
Problems of Russian Law, 2020, no. 12, pp. 181–189. (In Russ.)
Ispolinov A.S. Kuda idet sovremennyi investitsionnyi arbitrazh? [Where Is the Modern
Investment Arbitration Going?]. Rossiiskii iuridicheskii zhurnal – Russian Law Journal,
2015, no. 3, рр. 80–96. (In Russ.)
Ispolinov A.S. Sudy regional’nykh integratsionnykh ob’’edinenii v sisteme mezhdunarodnogo
pravosudiia (na primere Suda ES i Suda EAES): monografiia [Courts of Regional
Integration Groupings in the International Justice System (the Case of the Court of Justice
of the EU and the Court of Justice of the EAEU): Monograph]. Moscow: Iustitsinform,
2018. 312 p. (In Russ.)
Kanashevskii V.A. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo: uchebnik [Private International
Law: Textbook]. 3rd ed. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 2016. 1006 р. (In Russ.)
Kokotov A.N. Predvaritel’nyi kontrol’ pravovykh aktov Konstitutsionnym Sudom Rossii
[Preliminary Review of Legal Acts by the Russian Constitutional Court]. Zakon – Law,
2020, no. 12, pp. 29–39. (In Russ.)
Kovler A.I. «Moral’nyi suverenitet» pered litsom «gosudarstvennogo suvereniteta»
v evropeiskoi sisteme zashchity prav cheloveka [“Moral Sovereignty” in the Face of «State
Sovereignty» in the European Human Rights System]. Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie –
Mezhdunarodnoe pravosudie, 2013, no. 3(7), pp. 52–63. (In Russ.)
Kovler A.I. Evoliutivnoe tolkovanie Evropeiskoi konventsii po pravam cheloveka: vozmozhnosti
i predely. Evropeiskii sud po pravam cheloveka kak sub”ekt tolkovaniia prava
[Evolutionary Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights: Possibilities
and Limits. The European Court of Human Rights as a Subject of Legal Interpretation].
Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel’stva i sravnitel’nogo pravovedeniia – Journal
of Foreign Law and Comparative Law, 2016, no. 3(58), pp. 92–100. (In Russ.)
Kovler A.I. Evropeiskaia konventsiia v mezhdunarodnoi sisteme zashchity prav cheloveka:
monografiia [The European Convention in the International Human Rights System:
Monograph]. Moscow: Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the
Government of the Russian Federation; Norma; Infra-M, 2019. 304 p. (In Russ.)
Lipkina N.N. Tolkovanie Konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod
Evropeiskim sudom po pravam cheloveka i verkhovenstvo prava [Interpretation of the
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by the
European Court of Human Rights and the Rule of Law]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava –
Journal of Russian Law, 2015, no. 4(220), pp. 130–142. (In Russ.)
Pokrovskii I.A. Osnovnye problemy grazhdanskogo prava [Key Civil Law Issues]. 4th ed.
Moscow: Statut, 2003. 351 p. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Implementatsiia Postanovlenii ESPCh i o nekotorykh posledstviiakh
Postanovleniia Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF ot 14 iiulia 2015 g. № 21-P [Implementation
of ECtHR Judgments and Some Implications of the Constitutional Court of the Russian
Federation Ruling of 14 July 2015 No. 21-P]. In Tumanov D.A., Zakharova M.V.
(eds.). Sluzhenie pravu: sbornik statei. Pamiati professora V.A. Tumanova posviashchaetsia
[Serving the Law: Collection of Articles. Dedicated to the Memory of Professor
V.A. Tumanov]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2017, pp. 169–176. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. K 15-letnemu iubileiu deistviia dlia Rossii Evropeiskoi konventsii o zashchite
prav cheloveka i osnovnykh svobod ot 4 noiabria 1950 g. i protokolov k nei [On the
15th Anniversary of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms of 4 November 1950 and its Protocols for Russia]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo
protsessa – Herald of Civil Procedure, 2013, no. 4, pp. 280–291. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Novaia vekha v ispolnenii postanovlenii Evropeiskogo Suda po pravam
cheloveka: znachenie i pravovye posledstviia Postanovleniia Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiiskoi
Federatsii ot 26 fevralia 2010 goda № 4-P [A New Milestone in the Enforcement of
Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights: Meaning and Legal Consequences
of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation Ruling of 26 February 2010
No. 4-P]. Sravnitel’noe konstitutsionnoe obozrenie – Comparative Constitutional Review,
2010, no. 4(77), pp. 142–154. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. O nekotorykh protsessual’nykh posledstviiakh postanovlenii ESPCh [On
Certain Procedural Consequences of ECtHR Judgments]. Rossiiskaia iustitsiia – Russian
Justice, 2014, no. 1, pp. 24–28. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. O primenenii sudami Postanovlenii Evropeiskogo suda po pravam
cheloveka [On Application by Courts of Resolutions of the European Court of Human
Rights]. Rossiiskii sud’ia – Russian Judge, 2008, no. 9, pp. 42–46. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. O primenenii sudami postanovlenii Evropeiskogo Suda po pravam
cheloveka [On Application of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights by
Courts]. Rossiiskii sud’ia – Russian Judge, 2008, no. 9, pp. 42–46. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Peresmotr sudebnykh aktov v sviazi s aktami mezhgosudarstvennykh
organov [Revision of Judicial Acts in Connection with Acts of Interstate Bodies]. Zakon –
Law, 2008, no. 12, pp. 177–183. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Postanovleniia ESPCh v grazhdanskom protsesse: perezagruzka?
[ECtHR Judgments in Civil Procedure: Reloading?]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa
– Herald of Civil Procedure, 2015, no. 6, pp. 69–91. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Pravotvorcheskie oshibki i Evropeiskii Sud po pravam cheloveka [Lawmaking
Mistakes and the European Court of Human Rights]. Rossiiskii sud’ia – Russian
Judge, 2009, no. 3, pp. 40–43. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Pravovye pozitsii postanovlenii Konstitutsionnogo Suda RF i postanovlenii
ESPCh i ikh pravovoe znachenie dlia grazhdanskogo protsessa [Legal Positions of
Judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and Judgments of the
ECtHR and Their Legal Value for Civil Procedure]. Zakonodatel’stvo i ekonomika – Legislation
and Economy, 2011, no. 4, pp. 87–92. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Primenenie teorii okhranitel’nykh pravootnoshenii k zashchite prav i svobod
cheloveka, zashchishchaemykh Evropeiskoi Konventsiei: istoricheskii aspekt [Application
of the Theory of Protective Legal Relations to Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms
Protected by the European Convention: Historical Aspect]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo
protsessa – Herald of Civil Procedure, 2020, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 159–181. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Resheniia Evropeiskogo suda po pravam cheloveka: ukreplenie osnov
rossiiskogo prava? [Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights: Strengthening
the Foundations of Russian Law?]. Religiia i pravo – Religion and Law, 2008, no. 3,
pp. 33–36. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Unifikatsiia norm o peresmotre po vnov’ otkryvshimsia obstoiatel’stvam
kak sovershenstvovanie sredstv ispravleniia sudebnoi oshibki [Unification of Norms About
Revision on the Newly Discovered Circumstances as an Improvement of Means of Correction
of a Judicial Error]. Zakon – Law, 2007, no. 11, pp. 99–113. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Vliianie na pravo Rossii Konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka
i osnovnykh svobod i pretsedentov Evropeiskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka [The Impact
of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on
Russian Law and the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo
prava – Journal of Russian Law, 2007, no. 12(132), pp. 85–92. (In Russ.)
Voßkuhle A. Multilevel Cooperation of the European Constitutional Courts: Der
Europäische Verfassungsgerichtsverbund. European Constitutional Law Review, 2010,
vol. 6(3), pp. 175–198.
Zorkin V. Bukva i dukh Konstitutsii [The Letter and Spirit of the Constitution]. Rossiiskaia
gazeta – Rossiiskaia Gazeta, 9 October 2018, no. 7689. (In Russ.)
Zorkin V.D. Konstitutsionnoe pravosudie: protsedura i smysl [Constitutional Justice:
Procedure and Meaning]. St. Petersburg: Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
Publ., 2021. 154 р. (In Russ.)
Zorkin V.D. Konstitutsionnye osnovy razvitiia tsivilizatsii v sovremennom global’nom
mire [Constitutional Foundations for the Development of Civilisation in Today’s Global
World]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava – Journal of Russian Law, 2007, no. 4(124), pp. 3–8.
(In Russ.)
Zorkin V.D. Pretsedentnyi kharakter reshenii Konstitutsionnogo Suda Rossiiskoi Federatsii
[The Precedential Nature of Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian
Federation]. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava – Journal of Russian Law, 2004, no. 12,
pp. 3–9. (In Russ.)
Information about the author
A.R. Sultanov (Nizhnekamsk, Russia) – Head of Legal Department of PJSC “Nizhnekamskneftekhim”,
Member of the Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE)
(PJSC “Nizhnekamskneftekhim”, Nizhnekamsk, 423574, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]).
Recommended citation
Sultanov A.R. 25 let v Sovete Evropy, i snova diskussiia ob obiazatel’nosti postanovlenii
ESPCh [25 Years in the Council of Europe and the Debate on the Binding Nature
of ECHR Rulings Again]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa – Herald of Civil Procedure,
2021, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 154–178. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-
11-6-154-178
А.Р. СУЛТАНОВ
Реклама
Наши партнеры
