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КОСВЕННЫЙ СУДЕБНЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ЗАКОННОСТИ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ АКТОВ
А.Ф. ВАСИЛЬЕВА,
кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры конституционного права
Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета
https://doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-3-259-292
Косвенный судебный контроль законности административных актов, в рам-
ках которого суд, рассматривая гражданско-правовое требование, дает оцен-
ку законности административного акта, срок на прямое судебное оспаривание
которого истек, представляет собой одну из весьма острых и нерешенных про-
блем взаимодействия гражданского и административного права. Допустимость
косвенного судебного контроля за обладающими юридической силой администра-
тивными актами порождает межотраслевые коллизии, оказывающие отрица-
тельное воздействие как на гражданина, когда разрешенное в административ-
ном порядке поведение влечет для него гражданско-правовые санкции, так и на
административный орган, поскольку путем гражданско-правовой практики про-
исходит «вторжение» в его компетенцию по оценке обстоятельств дела и при-
нятию решений в конкретной управленческой ситуации1. Сложившийся в россий-
ской правовой системе подход о необязательности административного акта,
обладающего юридической силой, для суда, рассматривающего гражданское дело,
воспринимается как аксиома, не требующая доказывания. Однако взгляд на про-
блему обязательности административного акта для суда через призму немецкой
концепции юридической силы административных актов позволяет поставить
обоснованность и эффективность данной аксиомы для современного граждан-
ского и публичного оборота под сомнение. В немецкой правовой системе косвен-
ный контроль законности обладающих юридической силой административных
актов невозможен, такие акты являются обязательными для суда, за исключе-
нием актов, являющихся ничтожными. Таким образом, пределы косвенного судеб-
ного контроля законности административных актов находятся в их юридиче-
ской силе, а сама концепция юридической силы административных актов должна
быть выстроена на основе гармонизации взаимодействия лежащих в ее основе
принципов: законности, правовой определенности, защиты доверия.
Ключевые слова: косвенный судебный контроль; юридическая сила администра-
тивного акта; «преюдициальность» административного акта; ничтожность
административного акта; принцип защиты доверия.
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Information about the author
A.F. Vasilyeva (Saint Petersburg, Russia) – Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate
Professor, Department of Constitutional Law, Saint Petersburg State University (7-9 Universitetskaia
Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]).
Recommended citation
Vasilyeva A.F. Kosvennyi sudebnyi kontrol’ zakonnosti administrativnykh aktov [Indirect
Judicial Control over the Legality of Administrative Acts]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo
protsessa – Herald of Civil Procedure, 2021, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 259–292. (In Russ.) https://
doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-3-259-292
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