Наши индексы цитирования:
ПОВОРОТ ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ РЕШЕНИЯ СУДА КАК САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫЙ СПОР О ПРАВЕ
А.В. ТОРГАШЕВ,
ассистент кафедры гражданского процесса
Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета
https://doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-6-239-277
Автор отстаивает позицию о том, что поворот исполнения решения суда – это
самостоятельный спор о праве, в рамках которого защищается материальное
право ответчика, нарушенное исполнением судебного решения, отмененного впо-
следствии. Автор подвергает критике понимание поворота как «бесспорной» про-
цедуры по возврату взысканного. С материально-правовой точки зрения поворот
исполнения – это способ защиты права. Отмена судебного решения и завершение
спора по итогам нового судебного разбирательства без разрешения его по суще-
ству означают, что материально-правовой результат судебного исполнения более
нелегитимен, а право истца вновь спорно и предполагаемо. Тем самым процессуаль-
ный баланс интересов сторон нарушен: хотя на стороне ответчика действует
презумпция неответственности, предмет взыскания находится у истца. Инсти-
тут поворота исполнения решения суда призван восстановить процессуальные
гарантии ответчика. Специфика процедуры обратного требования заключается
также в том, что ответчик, являясь с материально-правовой точки зрения ист-
цом, т.е. субъектом активной легитимации, тем не менее не несет бремени дока-
зывания нарушения своего права – оно презюмируется. В то же время презумпция
неответственности опровержима путем доказывания истцом правомерности
своих требований, отсутствия у ответчика нарушенного права.
Ключевые слова: поворот исполнения решения суда; спор о праве; способ защиты
права; презумпция неответственности; бремя доказывания.
References
Afanasiev S.F. Pravo na spravedlivoe sudebnoe razbiratel’stvo: teoretiko-prakticheskoe
issledovanie vliianiia Evropeiskoi Konventsii o zashchite prav cheloveka i osnovnykh
svobod na rossiiskoe grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo: avtoref. dis. … dokt. iurid. nauk
[The Right to a Fair Trial: A Theoretical and Practical Study of the Impact of the Convention
for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on Russian
Civil Procedure: Synopsis of a Thesis for a Doctor Degree in Law Sciences]. Saratov,
2010. 66 p. (In Russ.)
Afanasiev S.F., Filimonova M.V. O vliianii dobrovol’nogo udovletvoreniia otvetchikom
iskovykh trebovanii na dinamiku i itogi grazhdanskogo protsessa [On the Impact of the
Defendant’s Voluntary Satisfaction of Claims on the Dynamics and Results of Civil
Procedure]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa – Herald of Civil Procedure, 2016, no. 3,
pp. 52–67 (In Russ.)
Babaev V.K. Prezumptsii v sovetskom prave [Presumptions in Soviet Law]. Gorky:
Publishing House of the Main Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the
USSR, 1974. 124 p. (In Russ.)
Bachinskaia A.A. Sud otmenil reshenie ob udovletvorenii iskovykh trebovanii. Kak otvetchiku
sovershit’ povorot ispolneniia [Court Reversed the Decision That Had Granted the
Plaintiff’s Claim. How the Defendant Can Make the Overturning the Execution of Judgment].
Arbitrazhnaia praktika – Arbitration Practice, 2017, no. 9, pp. 52–57 (In Russ.)
Baulin O.V. Bremia dokazyvaniia pri razbiratel’stve grazhdanskih del [The Burden of
Proof in Civil Litigation]. Moscow: Gorodets, 2004. 272 p. (In Russ.)
Belov V.A. Ocherk 16. Problemy teorii lichnykh prav [Essay 16. Problems of Theory
of Personal Rights]. In Belov V.A. (ed.). Grazhdanskoe pravo: aktual’nye problemy teorii
i praktiki [Civil Law: Urgent Problems of Theory and Practice]. Moscow: Iurait-Izdat,
2007, pp. 613–646. (In Russ.)
Bevzenko R.S. Ocherk 14. Problema vladeniia i derzhaniia [Essay 14. The Problem
of Ownership and Holding]. In Belov V.A. (ed.). Grazhdanskoe pravo: aktual’nye problemy
teorii i praktiki [Civil Law: Urgent Problems of Theory and Practice]. Moscow:
Iurait-Izdat, 2007, pp. 525–561. (In Russ.)
Bonner A.T. Printsip dispozitivnosti sovetskogo protsessual’nogo prava: monografiia
[Principle of Dispositiveness of Soviet Procedural Law: Monograph]. Moscow: All-
Union Law Correspondence Institute Publishing House, 1987. 78 p. (In Russ.)
Chechina N.A. Izbrannye trudy po grazhdanskomu protsessu [Selected Works on Civil
Procedure]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University Publishing House, 2004. 656 p.
(In Russ.)
Chechina N.A. Povorot ispolnennogo resheniia [Turning of the Executed Decision].
Sovetskaia iustitsiia – Soviet Justice, 1958, no. 8, pp. 40–42. (In Russ.)
Fleishits E.A. Lichnye prava v grazhdanskom prave Soiuza SSR i kapitalisticheskikh stran
[Personal Rights in Civil Law of the USSR and Capitalist Countries]. Moscow: People’s
Commissariat of Justice of the USSR Legal Publishing House, 1941. 207 p. (In Russ.)
Golmsten A.Kh. Printsip tozhdestva v grazhdanskom protsesse: Issledovanie A.Kh.
Gol’mstena [The Principle of Identity in Civil Procedure. Research by A.H. Golmsten].
St. Petersburg: Governing Senate Printing House, 1884. 268 p. (In Russ.)
Gurvich M.A. (ed.). Sovetskii grazhdanskii protsess: uchebnik [Soviet Civil Procedure:
Textbook]. Moscow: Vysshaia shkola, 1975. 399 p. (In Russ.)
Gurvich M.A.; Beldiugin V.N. (ed.). Lektsii po sovetskomu grazhdanskomu protsessu
[Lectures on Soviet Civil Procedure]. Moscow: All-Union Law Correspondence Institute
Publishing House, 199 p. (In Russ.).
Gurvich M.A.; Kleinman A.F. (ed.). Pravo na isk [Right to Claim]. Moscow: Academy
of Sciences of the USSR Publishing House, 1949. 216 p. (In Russ.)
Ioffe O.S.; Iurchenko A.K. (ed.). Otvetstvennost’ po sovetskomu grazhdanskomu pravu
[Responsibility Under Soviet Civil Law]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University
Publishing House, 1955. 310 p. (In Russ.)
Iudelson K.S. Problema dokazyvaniia v sovetskom grazhdanskom protsesse [The Problem
of Proof in Soviet Civil Procedure]. Moscow: Gosiurizdat, 1951. 295 p. (In Russ.)
Jhering R. von. Izbrannye trudy: v 2 t. T. 2 [Selected Works. In 2 vols. Vol. 1]. St. Petersburg:
R. Aslanov’s Publishing House “Iuridicheskii tsentr Press”, 2006. 552 p. (In Russ.)
Kashkarova I.N. K voprosu o vozmozhnosti pred”iavleniia al’ternativnykh (fakul’tativnykh)
iskov v sostiazatel’nom protsesse [On the Possibility of Bringing Alternative (Optional)
Claims in Adversarial Procedure]. Zakon – Law, 2014, no. 3, pp. 151–159. (In Russ.)
Kashkarova I.N. Znachenie sub”ektivnoi zainteresovannosti isttsa dlia primeneniia
pravil o vneshnem tozhdestve iskov [Significance of Subjective Interest of the Plaintiff
for Application of Rules on External Identity of Claims]. Vestnik ekonomicheskogo
pravosudiia RF – Bulletin of Economic Justice of the Russian Federation, 2016, no. 6,
pp. 159–175.(In Russ.)
Malko A.V. Sub”ektivnoe pravo i zakonnyi interes [Subjective Law and Legitimate
Interest]. Pravovedenie – Jurisprudence, 1998, no. 4(223), pp. 58–70. (In Russ.)
Mattei U., Sukhanov E.A. Osnovnye polozheniia prava sobstvennosti [Basic Provisions
of the Right of Ownership]. Moscow: Iurist, 1999. 384 p. (In Russ.)
Moiseev S.V. Printsip dispozitivnosti arbitrazhnogo protsessa (poniatie i otdel’nye
rasporiaditel’nye deistviia v sude pervoi instantsii) [Principle of Dispensation of Arbitration
Procedure (Concept and Separate Regulatory Actions in the Court of First
Instance)]. Moscow: Gorodets, 2008. 192 p. (In Russ.)
Muradian E.M. Istina kak problema sudebnogo prava [Truth as a Problem of Judicial
Law]. 2nd ed. Moscow: Iurust, 2004. 311 p. (In Russ.)
Musin V.A., Chechina N.A., Chechot D.M. (eds.). Grazhdanskii protsess: uchebnik [Civil
Procedure: Textbook]. 3rd ed. Moscow: PBOIuL Grizhenko, 2001. 544 p. (In Russ.)
Osokina G.L. Isk (teoriia i praktika) [Lawsuit (Theory and Practice)]. Moscow: Gorodets,
2000. 192 p. (In Russ.)
Puchta G.F. Kurs rimskogo grazhdanskogo prava. T. 1 [Course of Roman Civil Law.
Vol. 1]. Moscow: Sovremennye Izvestia Printing House, 1874. 550 p. (In Russ.)
Riazanovskii V.A. Edinstvo protsessa: uchebnoe posobie [Unity of Process: Textbook].
Moscow: Gorodets, 2005. 80 p. (In Russ.)
Savitskii V.M. (ed.). Problemy sudebnogo prava [Problems of Judicial Law]. Moscow:
Nauka, 1983. 224 p. (In Russ.)
Sergeev A.P., Tolstoi Iu.K. (eds.). Grazhdanskoe pravo: uchebnik: v 3 t. T. 1 [Civil Law:
Textbook. In 3 vols. Vol. 1]. 6th ed. Moscow: Prospekt, 2005. 776 p. (In Russ.)
Sheveleva N.A. Balans chastnykh i publichnykh interesov [Balance of Private and
Public Interests] In Konstitutsiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii: Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi
konferentsii, posviashchennoi 15-letiiu Konstitutsii Rossiiskoi Federatsii i 60-letiiu Vseobshchei
deklaratsii prav cheloveka. Sankt-Peterburg, 13-14 noiabria 2008 g. [Constitution
of the Russian Federation: Materials of the Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated
to the 15th Anniversary of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the 60th
Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. St. Petersburg, 13–14 November
2008]. Moscow: Norma, 2009, pp. 200–206. (In Russ.)
Sinitsin S.A. Vladenie i vladel’cheskaia zashchita v grazhdanskom prave gosudarstv
kontinental’noi Evropy [Ownership and Ownership Protection in the Civil Law of the
States of Continental Europe]. Moscow: Statut, 2012. 224 p. (In Russ.)
Sklovskii K.I. Nekotorye problemy restitutsii [Some Problems of Restitution]. Vestnik
VAS RF – Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, 2002,
no. 8, pp. 109–110. (In Russ.)
Sklovskii K.I. Sobstvennost’ v grazhdanskom prave [Property in Civil Law]. Moscow:
Statut, 2010. 1016 p. (In Russ.)
Subochev V.V.; Malko A.V. (ed.). Zakonnye interesy [Legitimate Interests]. Moscow:
Norma, 2008. 496 p. (In Russ.)
Sultanov A.R. Mozhno li dvazhdy voiti v odnu reku? Kommentarii k Opredeleniiu
Ekonomicheskoi kollegii Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 29 iiulia 2016 g. № 310-KG16-3264
[Can I Enter the Same River Twice? Comment to the Ruling of the Supreme Court of
the Russian Federation of 29 July 2016 No. 310-KG16-3264]. Rossiiskii sud’ia – Russian
Judge, 2017, no. 1, pp. 18–23. (In Russ.)
Tuzov D.O. Restitutsiia pri nedeistvitel’nosti sdelok i zashchita dobrosovestnogo priobretatelia
v rossiiskom grazhdanskom prave [Restitution in Case of Invalid Transactions
and Protection of Bona Fide Acquirer in Russian Civil Law]. Moscow. 2007. 206 p.
(In Russ.)
Tuzov D.O. Teoriia nedeistvitel’nosti sdelok: opyt rossiiskogo prava v kontekste evropeiskoi
pravovoi traditsii [Theory of Invalid Transactions: Experience of Russian Law in
the Context of European Legal Tradition]. Moscow: Statut, 2007. 602 p. (In Russ.)
Vaskovsky E.V. Uchebnik grazhdanskogo prava. Vyp. 2: Veshchnoe pravo [Civil Law:
Textbook. Vol. 2: Proprietary Law]. St. Petersburg: Edition of the N.K. Martynov’s Legal
Bookstore, 1894. 190 p. (In Russ.)
Volodarskii D.B. K voprosu o povorote ispolneniia sudebnogo akta pri otkaze isttsa
ot iska. Po motivam Opredeleniia VS RF ot 29.07.2016 № 310-КG-16-3264 [On the
Overturning the Execution of Judgment if Plaintiff Refuses from the Claim. Based on
the Ruling of the Supreme Court of Russian Federation of 29 July 2016 No. 310-КG-
16-3264]. Vestnik ekonomicheskogo pravosudiia RF – Bulletin of Economic Justice of the
Russian Federation, 2016, no. 12, pp. 93–112. (In Russ.)
Volozhanin V.P. K voprosu o iuridicheskikh predpolozheniiakh v sovetskom grazhdanskom
prave i protsesse [On Legal Assumptions in Soviet Civil Law and Procedure].
In Voprosy sovetskogo grazhdanskogo prava i protsessa: Uch. zap. Sverdlovsk. iurid. in-ta
im. A.Ia. Vyshinskogo. T. 3 [Issues of Soviet Civil Law and Procedure: Scientific Notes
of the Sverdlovsk Legal Institute named after A.Ia. Vyshinskii. Vol. 3]. Moscow, 1955.
P. 93 – 112 (In Russ.)
Zhilin G.A. Pravosudie po grazhdanskim delam: aktual’nye voprosy: monografiia [Justice
in Civil Cases: Topical Issues: Monograph]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2010. 576 p. (In Russ.)
Zhilin G.A. Tseli grazhdanskogo sudoproizvodstva i ikh realizatsiia v sude pervoi
instantsii [Objectives of Civil Proceedings and Their Implementation in the Court of
First Instance]. Moscow: Gorodets, 2000. 320 p. (In Russ.)
Information about the author
A.V. Torgashev (Saint Petersburg, Russia) – Assistant, Department of Civil Procedure,
Saint Petersburg State University (7 22nd Line of Vasilevskii Island St., Saint Petersburg,
199106, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]).
Recommended citation
Torgashev A.V. Povorot ispolneniia resheniia suda kak samostoiatel’nyi spor o prave
[The Overturning the Execution of Judgment as an Independent Legal Dispute]. Vestnik
grazhdanskogo protsessa – Herald of Civil Procedure, 2021, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 239–
277. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-6-239-277
А.В. ТОРГАШЕВ
Реклама
Наши партнеры
