We in a citing index:
Sovereignty, Territorial and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Article is devoted to the execution of foreign judgments and the impact on the institution of legal phenomena such as the sovereignty of the state and its territoriality. Execution of the judgment, and in particular the foreign judgment, would not be possible until the defendant or his property will not be found within the location of the court at the beginning of the execution. Judgment delivered outside the state borders can be enforced only after the decision concerning the applicability of the principle of comity or the existence of any international obligations in the contractual form. Sovereignty and territoriality determine the need for exceptions to the general rule of recognition of foreign judgments, even if they do not determine their exact form and content. Indeed, the exceptions must not have the exact form and content, and be a deterrent from «re-execution» of foreign judgments. Within the boundaries of the state execution of the foreign judgment has no legal value, even if there is the defendant or his property. In this respect, territorial restrictions are inevitable, and they will remain until the power of the courts depends on the power of the nation state.
Keywords: civil procedure; recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments; sovereignty; territory.
References
Symeonides S.C. The American Choice-of-Law Revolution: Past, Present and Future. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006.
Story J. Commentaries on the Conflict of Laws: Foreign and Domestic, in regard to contracts, rights, and remedies, and especially in regard to marriages, divorces, wills, successions, and judgments § 23 at 24. Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1834.
Woolhandler A., Collins M.G. Jurisdictional Discrimination and Full Faith and Credit // Emory Law Journal. 2013. Vol. 63.
Sachs St.E. Full Faith and Credit in the Early Congress // Virginia Law Review. 2009. Vol. 95. P. 1201.
Brand R.A. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: International Litigation Guide. Federal Judicial Center, 2012 (http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/ lookup/brandenforce.pdf/$file/brandenforce.pdf).
Shill G.H. Ending Judgment Arbitrage: Jurisdictional Competition and the Enforcement of Foreign Money Judgments in the United States // Harvard International Law Review. 2013. Vol. 54. No. 2.
Bellinger J.P., III. Recognition of Foreign Judgments: Balancing International, Federal, State, and Commercial Interests // Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: 2012 Stefan A. Riesenfeld Symposium. BJIL, 2012. P. 6.
Silberman L.J., Lowenfeld A.F. A Different Challenge for the ALI: Herein of Foreign Country Judgments, an International Treaty, and an American Statute // Indiana Law Journal. 2000. Vol. 75. Issue 2. P. 635.
Weintraub R.J. Commentary on the Conflict of Laws. 5th ed. Foundation Press, 2006.
Von Mehren A., Trautman D. The Law of Multistate Problems: Cases and Materials on Conflict of Laws. Little, Brown, 1965. Laycock D. Modern American Remedies: Cases and Materials. 4th ed. Wolters Kluwer, 2010.
Simmons J. On the Territorial Rights of States // Philosophical Issues. 2001. Vol. 11. Issue 1. P. 300.
De Soto H. The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. Basic Books, 2000. Arruñada B. Property Enforcement as Organized Consent // Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization. 2003. Vol. 19. Issue 2. P. 401.
Stern J.Y. Property, Exclusivity, and Jurisdiction // Virginia Law Review. 2014. Vol. 100. P. 111.
Information about the authors
George Rutherglen (Charlottesville, USA) – Law Professor in John Barbee Minor Distinguished, Professor of Labor Law at the University of Virginia (VA 22903-1738, USA, Charlottesville, 580 Massie Road; e-mail: [email protected]).
James E. Stern (Williamsburg, USA) – Assistant Professor at William & Mary Law School (VA 23187, P.O. Box 8795, USA, Williamsburg, 613 South Henry St.; e-mail: [email protected]).
George Rutherglen, James E. Stern