We in a citing index:
CIVIL-LAW SET-OFF AND SET-OFF MADE WHEN THE COURT SATISFIES COUNTERCLAIMS AND INITIAL CLAIMS: THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS (continuation)
CIVIL-LAW SET-OFF AND SET-OFF MADE WHEN THE COURT
SATISFIES COUNTERCLAIMS AND INITIAL CLAIMS:
THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE SIMILARITIES
AND DIFFERENCES OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS
(continuation)
D.B. ABUSHENKO,
Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor, Department of Civil Procedure,
Ural State Law University
https://doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-2-26-49
In the article, the author continues to distinguish between the civil-legal set-off and the
set-off made when the court satisfies the counterclaim and initial claims. As a criterion,
recognition is taken as an act of will, coming respectively from the compensator (the person
to whom the statement of set-off is addressed) and the defendant in the counterclaim.
Judicial and non-judicial confessions are analyzed. With regard to judicial recognition,
the conclusion is justified that, depending on the type of process and the existence of rules
on mandatory professional judicial representation, it will be either ordinary evidence
or a basis for exemption from proof, and in some cases also entail certain substantive
consequences. Individual cases of so-called qualified recognition are considered (discrepancy
in quantitative characteristics; discrepancy in relation to the subject or object of the legal
relationship; recognition of another legal relationship; notification to the court of two or
more facts, some of which correspond to the interests of the procedural opponent, and
the other part – to the interests of the recognizer; discrepancy in the qualification of legal
consequences; recognition of the fact of termination of claims with the reservation that
they were subsequently restored on the basis of the realized secondary right).
Keywords: civil set-off; set-off made when the court satisfies the counterclaim and initial
claims; judicial recognition; out-of-court recognition; qualified recognition.
References
Bethmann-Hollweg M.A. von. Versuche über einzelne Theile der Theorie des Civilprozesses.
Berlin; Stettin: Nicolai, 1827. 375 p.
Gordon A.I. Iuridicheskie zametki: priznanie i udovletvorenie [Legal Notes: Recognition
and Satisfaction]. Zhurnal Ministerstva iustitsii – Journal of the Ministry of Justice,
1867, no. 1. pp. 33–42. (In Russ.)
Iablochkov T.M. Material’nye priznaki poniatiia sudebnogo priznaniia v grazhdanskom
protsesse [Material Signs of the Notion of Judicial Admission in Civil Procedure].
Zhurnal Ministerstva iustitsii – Journal of the Ministry of Justice, 1915, no. 3, pp. 84–139.
(In Russ.)
Iudelson K.S. Sudebnoe priznanie kak osnovanie osvobozhdeniia ot dokazyvaniia
v sovetskom grazhdanskom protsesse [Judicial Recognition as a Basis for Exemption from
Evidence in Soviet Civil Procedure]. In Metodicheskie materialy VIuZI. Vyp. 2 [Methodological
Materials of the All-Union Correspondence Law Institute. Issue 2]. Moscow:
All-Union Correspondence Law Institute Publ., 1948, pp. 62–78. (In Russ.)
Iudin A.V. Protsessual’nyi effekt reformirovaniia grazhdanskogo zakonodatel’stva
(v sviazi s realizatsiei polozhenii Kontseptsii razvitiia grazhdanskogo zakonodatel’stva
Rossiiskoi Federatsii) [Procedural Effect of the Civil Legislation Reform (in Connection
with the Implementation of the Concept of Development of Civil Legislation of the
Russian Federation)]. Akademiia prava i ekonomiki – Academy of Law and Economics,
2017, no. 3, pp. 27–33. (In Russ.)
Kleinman A.F. Grazhdanskii protsess: uchebnik dlia iuridicheskikh shkol i kursov [Civil
Procedure: Textbook for Law Schools and Courses]. Moscow: Legal Publishing House
of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the USSR, 1940. 352 p. (In Russ.)
Kleinman A.F. Osnovnye voprosy teorii dokazatel’stv v sovetskom grazhdanskom
protsesse [Basic Questions of the Theory of Evidence in Soviet Civil Procedure]. Moscow;
St. Petersburg: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, 1950. 72 p. (In Russ.)
Komissarov K.I. Zadachi sudebnogo nadzora v sfere grazhdanskogo sudoproizvodstva
[Tasks of Judicial Supervision in Civil Proceedings]. Sverdlovsk: Sverdlovsk Law
Institute Publ., 1971. 167 p. (In Russ.)
Kurylev S.V. Ob”iasneniia storon kak dokazatel’stvo v sovetskom grazhdanskom protsesse
[Explanations of the Parties as Evidence in Soviet Civil Procedure]. In Kurylev S.V.
Izbrannye Trudy [Selected Works]. Minsk: Editorial Office of the Journal “Industrial
and Commercial Law”, 2012. pp. 51–208. (In Russ.)
Loginov P.V. Retsenziia na knigu Kurylev S.V. Ob”iasnenie storon kak dokazatel’stvo
v sovetskom grazhdanskom protsesse [Review of the Book by S.V. Kurylev “Explanation
of Parties as Evidence in Soviet Civil Procedure”]. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo – Soviet
State and Law, 1958, no. 9, pp. 135–139. (In Russ.)
Malinin M.I. Sudebnoe priznanie v grazhdanskikh delakh [Judicial Recognition in
Civil Cases]. Odessa: Nitsche Printing House, 1878. 135 p. (In Russ.)
Morandiere L.J. Grazhdanskoe pravo Frantsii. T. 1 [French Civil Law. Vol. 1]. Moscow:
Inostrannaia literatura, 1958. 742 p. (In Russ.)
Polumordvinov D.I. Priznanie storony v grazhdanskom protsesse: dis. … kand. iurid.
nauk [Recognition of a Party in Civil Procedure: Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Law
Sciences]. Moscow, 1940. 181 p. (In Russ.)
Popov B.V. Raspredelenie dokazatel’stv mezhdu storonami v grazhdanskom protsesse:
kritiko-dogmaticheskoe issledovanie [Allocation of Evidence Between Parties in Civil
Procedure: Critical and Dogmatic Study]. Kharkov: M. Zilberberg and Sons Typographic
Lithography, 1905. 392 p. (In Russ.)
Puchinskii V.K. Priznanie storony v sovetskom grazhdanskom protsesse [Recognition
of a Party in Soviet Civil Procedure]. Moscow: Gosiurizdat, 1955. 99 p. (In Russ.)
Reshetnikova I.V. Dokazatel’stvennoe pravo v rossiiskom grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve:
dis. … dokt. iurid. nauk [Evidentiary Law in Russian Civil Proceedings: Thesis
for a Doctor Degree in Law Sciences]. Yekaterinburg, 1998. 406 p. (In Russ.)
Reshetnikova I.V. Kurs dokazatel’stvennogo prava [Evidentiary Law Course]. Moscow:
NORMA, 2000. 288 p. (In Russ.)
Shemeneva O.N. Pravovaia priroda priznaniia storonami obstoiatel’stv grazhdanskikh
del: istoriia voprosa [The Legal Nature of Party Admission in Civil Cases: Background].
Arbitrazhnyi i grazhdanskii protsess – Arbitration and Civil Procedure, 2010,
no. 1, pp. 45–47. (In Russ.)
Shemeneva O.N. Priznaniia i soglasheniia po obstoiatel’stvam dela v grazhdanskom
sudoproizvodstve [Acknowledgments and Agreements on the Circumstances of the Case
in Civil Proceedings]. Moscow: Infotropic Media, 2013. 184 p. (In Russ.)
Vaskovskii E.V. Priznanie storon v grazhdanskom protsesse [Recognition of Parties
in Civil Proceedings]. In Vaskovskii E.V. Izbrannye raboty pol’skogo perioda [Selected
Works of the Polish Period]. Moscow: Statut, 2016, pp. 578–610. (In Russ.)
Vaskovskii E.V. Znachenie priznaniia v grazhdanskom protsesse [The Significance
of Recognition in Civil Procedure]. In Pamiati professora Gabrielia Feliksovicha Shershenevicha:
sbornik statei po grazhdanskomu i torgovomu pravu [In Memory of Professor
Gabriel Feliksovich Shershenevich: Collection of Articles on Civil and Commercial
Law]. Moscow: Bashmakovy Brothers Publ., 1915, pp. 49–70. (In Russ.)
Verblovskii G. Priznanie v grazhdanskom protsesse [Confession in Civil Proceedings].
In Brokgauz F.A., Efron I.A. (eds.). Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’. T. XXIV [Encyclopedic
Dictionary. Vol. XXIV]. St. Petersburg: Semenovskaia Typographic Lithography
(I.A. Efron), 1898. URL: https://broukgauzefron.slovaronline.com/82470-
PRIZNANIE_V_GRAZHDANSKOM_PROTSESSE. (In Russ.)
Zeider N.B. Iuridicheskaya priroda priznaniia v grazhdanskom protsesse [The Legal
Nature of Recognition in Civil Procedure]. Vestnik sovetskoi iustitsii – Herald of Soviet
Justice, 1926, no. 11(69), pp. 428–433. (In Russ.)
Information about the author
D.B. Abushenko (Yekaterinburg, Russia) – Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor,
Department of Civil Procedure, Ural State Law University (21 Komsomolskaia St., Yekaterinburg,
620137, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]).
Recommended citation
Abushenko D.B. Grazhdansko-pravovoi zachet i zachet, proizvodimyi pri udovletvorenii
sudom vstrechnogo i pervonachal’nogo iskov: teoreticheskie razmyshleniia o skhodstve
i otlichiiakh pravovykh institutov [Civil-Law Set-off and Set-off Made When the
Court Satisfies Counterclaims and Initial Claims: Theoretical Reflections on the Similarities
and Differences of Legal Institutions]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo protsessa – Herald of
Civil Procedure, 2021, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 26–49. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24031/2226-
0781-2021-11-2-26-49
D.B. ABUSHENKO
Advertisement
Our partners
